In Figure 1, two independent vehicle networks in the POLO car realize the sharing of vehicle information. One vehicle network serves the power system. It connects engine control, automatic transmission, ABS, airbags and anti-theft control with the vehicle power system. Related components are connected together to achieve information sharing of the vehicle's power system; another in-vehicle network serves the comfort system, which connects the body electronic systems related to people's comfort and realizes the information of the vehicle body electronic systems Sharing; the instrument cluster integrates the information of the two vehicle networks for human-machine interaction of the vehicle information; and the information sharing in the two vehicle networks is realized by the vehicle network control unit.
In POLO, which is currently priced at less than 100,000 yuan, a large number of vehicle networks are used from vehicle power systems to body systems related to people's comfort. This shows that vehicle networks have been transformed by special technologies serving premium cars such as Mercedes-Benz and BMW. General technology for serving ordinary family cars.
Second, the network technology has been used for mass-produced independent research and development products
The in-vehicle network mainly includes: CAN, Byteflight, FlexRay, LIN, MOST, IDB-1394. Among them, FlexRay has not been officially released yet. According to reports, Byteflight is currently only used in BMW ’s BWM-7 series cars listed in March 2002. No trace of LIN has been found in mass-produced cars; MOST and IDB-1394 are multimedia applications used in in-vehicle electronic devices. Among the mass-produced cars, only CAN is the most widely used.
If it is not limited to automobiles, CAN has been used in China for nearly ten years. In the past ten years, there have been successful examples of CAN applications in various domestic industries. From the end of the 1990s to the present, CAN has been used in its own The mass-produced independent research and development products are: In the DCS2000 distributed control system of Beijing Helisi Company, CAN is used for information exchange between I / O modules in the control station; in the TH-3 substation computer protection system of the Electrical Engineering Department of Tsinghua University , CAN is used for communication between microcomputer protection devices in substations; the national 863 major electric vehicle specializes in vehicle network as a subproject. The research group currently engaged in this project has successfully developed a CAN vehicle network planning and test A series of special instruments; .... Since the author successfully developed the CAN application system in 1995, the CAN application system designed by the author himself has been put into practical use for no less than 10,000 CAN nodes. These successful examples show that CAN is no longer an unattainable technical problem in China.
3. The low rate of component intelligence is the bottleneck of the industrialization of autonomous vehicle networks
Although CAN has a large number of successful applications in China, it is regrettable that the use of independent research and development of the vehicle-mounted network represented by CAN has not been reported in mass-produced cars. The in-vehicle network is a bridge for information interaction between electronic control units (ECUs) inside the car. Having the network information interaction function is the main feature of modern automotive electronic technology. If you deviate from the basis of independent research and development of automotive electronic control units, independent on-board networks will naturally It became a castle in the sky.
According to SAE vehicle network, its vehicle network is divided into three types of buses: A, B, and C: Type A is a low-speed network for sensor / actuator control. The data transmission bit rate is usually only 1-10kbps, which is mainly used in electric doors, windows, and seats. Regulation, lighting and other control; Class B is a medium-speed network for data sharing between independent modules. The bit rate is generally 10-100kbps. It is mainly used in electronic vehicle information centers, fault diagnosis, instrument display, airbags and other systems to reduce redundancy. Sensors and other electronic components; Class C is a high-speed, real-time closed-loop control multiplex transmission network with a maximum bit rate of up to 1Mbps. It is mainly used for suspension control, traction control, advanced engine control, ABS and other systems to simplify distribution Control and further reduce the body harness.
In modern automobile technology, fuel electronic injection, electronic anti-lock brake system (ABS), electronically controlled braking force distribution system (EBD), electronically controlled steering assist system (EPS) automatic transmission, electronic driving stability system (EPS) ... ... etc. Are the key areas to improve car performance and ensure driving safety. At the same time, some of these technologies are also mandatory technologies used in cars for environmental protection and safety in various countries, such as electronic fuel injection and ABS .... .. A common feature of these technologies is their high added value and insensitivity to the cost of electronic components. They are breakthrough points for the continuous development of semiconductor technology and information technology into the automotive field. In the 1990s, when the 32-bit MCU was limited in cost and other aspects, and its application range was limited to some special fields, Motorola 32-bit series MCU 68300 has become the first choice for mass-produced fuel electronic injection units. It is regrettable that these key areas related to automobile manufacturing have been monopolized by major automobile companies and automotive electronics companies in the world. Although the annual production of automobiles in the world is counted in millions, their fuel electronic injection units are only Provided by three companies: German Dr., Delphi of the United States, and Denso of Japan. Currently, the only electronic control unit on the mini car that sells for less than 30,000 yuan in the Chinese market is the electronic fuel injection unit. So far, no self-developed electronic control unit has been found in the key fields of automobiles in mass-produced cars. Naturally, its independent Class C vehicle-mounted network is unlikely to make a difference in these fields.
If the application of autonomous vehicle network in the modern technology represented by fuel electronic injection encounters technical obstacles, compared with body control with a relatively low technical threshold, its class A network for body control encounters It is a problem on the other hand-the intelligence rate of domestic components is low.
For body control, its on-board network helps simplify installation procedures, reduce failure rates and costs. But the prerequisite for achieving these goals is that the body control has completed the electrical control to adopt MCU-based intelligent control, and with the continuous improvement of people's requirements for car comfort, its complex body control system and its internal heavy The interaction of information requires the use of a large number of wiring harnesses. The increase in wiring harness means that the installation process of the car is complicated, the cost increases and the failure rate rises. According to Motorola's report in 1998, only BMW's four doors were replaced with the original traditional wiring harness with the in-vehicle network. While enhancing the function, the weight of the wiring harness was reduced by 15 kg. In June 2003, the new car Palio off-line at Nanjing Fiat? The weekend wind adopted 23% of the car's wiring harness and reduced the weight of components by 2.8 kg due to the use of the overall car network technology. The POLO sedan launched by Shanghai Volkswagen Co., Ltd. in 2002, although a large number of vehicles use on-board network, but from the point of view of its sales price, it is not higher than the price of similar models. How much to increase.
However, for domestically developed cars, the intelligence rate of its components in the vehicle control system is very low, and its body control is basically still based on electrical control. If you want to achieve networking in these vehicles, you must intelligentize the relevant components in the control system, and only after the intelligentization of the entire vehicle components reaches a certain amount of mutation, the advantages of its vehicle network in terms of performance and cost control can be Fully embodying, the real driving force to promote the industrialization of independent vehicle network can be stimulated.
At present, the auto parts produced by domestic component manufacturers are mainly mechanical and electrical, and almost do not involve the automotive electronics field that integrates machinery, electrical and electronics. According to the author's recent survey, the current domestic R & D developers are engaged in the addition of MCUs and electronic components related to the vehicle network between the existing mechanical and electrical-based automotive components to form the vehicle network control unit. Realized the practical application of vehicle network. However, this method network is separated from the design of existing auto parts, and it is impossible to achieve resource sharing, which makes the wiring harness design more complicated and the cost is rising. Because there is no reduction in the number of wiring harnesses between the vehicle-mounted network unit and the components it controls, in a car with electrical control, the transmission of large signals with high voltage (12V) and large current (more than milliampere) is Mainly, the anti-interference ability of the wiring harness is low; and the small signal of 5V and small current (below milliampere) is transmitted in the network, and the anti-interference ability of the wiring harness is high. The intermediate link of the network is added to the original control system. Cause costs to rise. Today, with the price of automobiles constantly lowering, any technology that increases costs is difficult to be accepted by the market.
Due to the decentralization of resources and the duplication of functions of parts and components, the intelligent control of parts and components will be completed in a short time to achieve the network of vehicle control and mass production with cost advantages. This will be an opportunity for the domestic automotive industry. And challenges.
4. The effective integration of resources is an important way for the industrialization of autonomous vehicle networks
The vehicle control system network is based on the intelligent control system, and the core of the control system intelligence is the intelligentization of components. Solving the intelligentization of components is the key to the realization of independent vehicle network industrialization.
The huge domestic auto parts manufacturing system has accumulated a lot of experience in the design and manufacture of auto parts, mainly mechanical and electrical, and has certain international competitive advantages. In a conversation with an engineer of a world-renowned auto parts supplier, the author said: Dr. Bo has invented the product, we are promoting the product, and the mass production of the product is in Zhejiang, China. The engineer ’s words implied an affirmation of the strength of China ’s auto parts suppliers; CAN ’s successful experience in the industrialization of other industries in the domestic market laid a solid foundation for the development of our own vehicle network; while China ’s The increasing international competitiveness of its communications industry proves our ability to develop a large-scale electronics industry. However, we have to face the dilemma faced by Chinese auto parts when it comes to automotive electronics, especially in the in-vehicle network. The effective integration of resources makes autonomous vehicle-based network control systems superior to traditional electrical control systems in performance and cost control, and is one of the important ways for the industrialization of autonomous vehicle-mounted networks.
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