First, the natural lighting of the house
From the design point of view, the meaning of natural lighting may be known. From our human beings, it is a biological purification of nature, so natural light has very important significance for our physiology and psychology. In addition, there are energy saving, green environmental protection, and there are many aspects. To do a good job of natural lighting, we should actually need cooperation in many aspects. From the professional point of view, we must first have urban planning. From a planning point of view, we have a good consideration of natural lighting, and we attach importance to it as a The content to consider, in this way can form a good foundation.
Then there is the architectural design. If we consider the lighting in the architectural design, we can proceed down. Here are the real estate developers and construction equipment manufacturers. From the perspective of lighting, it is not just a window problem. Therefore, we can better carry out natural lighting below. Below are interior design and architectural optics, which may be more intimate with us. There are some factors affecting the lighting of residential buildings. Regarding the indoor lighting level, because there are various functions in the room, such as bedroom, living room, bathroom, kitchen, different areas of different spaces have different lighting levels, when lighting design Give consideration. And how do residential design fit this thing? It is our architects who need to consider residential design. Then consider the location, orientation, size and other issues of the lighting port, the equipment manufacturer to consider the structure of the window, the form, the color of the glass, etc., so that we can carry out the following lighting design. With regard to the way of guiding light, we have less exposure. For example, if foreign high-rise buildings need to guide sunlight from high altitude, there will be a form of light guide. In the house we have to get a good natural light environment, I think there is such a requirement. In general, the bedroom, living room and kitchen should be lit directly, or with lighting and lighting.
The requirement for direct lighting should be that the lighting window has a good orientation, which places demands on our architectural design. The following is the window and the ground, that is, the ground and the lighting coefficient in the room are all in the building lighting standard, the ratio of the window area to the floor area, this must be controlled, to meet the standard requirements, we In the lighting design, we must implement the standard requirements, so that we can meet the standard requirements, and we can get a better residential lighting. There are also standards for sunshine, which are actually planning requirements. We can only get good sunshine when we implement the planning requirements. To get good lighting, you must go through scientific design and calculation.
Second, residential artificial lighting
The artificial lighting in the house generally requires such a principle. There are requirements for the quantity of lighting and the quality of lighting. In terms of quantity, there are generally different spaces, different areas, and different occasions. There are more requirements on quality, such as color, color reproduction, and the proportion of lighting in different areas. Finally, we use these controls to achieve a comfortable, personalized atmosphere. Although these words seem to be more general, there are actually more specific content support. Our residential designer, his pursuit may be designed to be comfortable and reflected in the light environment.
The following is the design to be targeted, the meaning of the meaning is that different rooms, such as the bedroom, such as the living room, such as the kitchen, have different functions and activities, we design for different functions, different requirements. The following safety, energy saving, and intelligent control are our requirements and should be achieved. There is also no pollution in the national residential design. In fact, our indoor pollution should be relatively serious. We may feel that kind of gas pollution and noise pollution. In fact, the indoor indoor light pollution is not very strong, but many, the lights are brighter, there are some flashes, for example, some places are needed, like a ballroom, but not in the home, too much flicker may not be appropriate. There are also lights and furniture inside the home. Sometimes the furniture is metal and glass. Many furniture pursue modernization and fashion. Because the reflection coefficient is high, it will cause secondary pollution. This pollution is very much. If you look home carefully, there will be some.
There are some principles in residential design, and there must be a comprehensive, systematic, in-depth, and scientific overall idea. This may seem to be a bit empty. In fact, as far as lighting itself is concerned, it is also comprehensive, systematic, in-depth and scientific. Different rooms and different functions have overall considerations. Our residential designers should design the residential environment, consider the lighting, consider the lighting and the environment, consider the different requirements, and integrate the requirements with the entire furniture decoration. Then, after you choose furniture, decoration, and accessories, how do you show it with light? We found a lamp in the decoration market and thought it was very good. In turn, asking how much power it was, then moving it inside, it was not enough. We have to consider the design after the different furniture, different rooms, different colors under the lighting, different market restore.
Then different spaces, there may be different such manifestations, or textures, and there is a proportional relationship between different odors. Therefore, when we do interior design, we must fully consider this issue. There are many problems. In fact, there is a general grasp. Just as we do a house design, the architect has to consider all aspects of the building structure. In fact, in interior design, our interior designers should also consider it comprehensively, including lighting considerations. First of all, we must consider lighting, because your home is reflected in the light and light environment, so the designer has done such a thing, There was a general idea at the beginning. The concept includes the concept of the corresponding number of illuminations just mentioned, and the concept of lighting quality, with specific indicators.
Then, in each different functional space, there must be a quantity and quality relationship, and there is a good harmonious relationship between each other. Here are some lighting standards, different rooms, different jobs in different rooms, reading books, watching TV, or talking, or when you are working in the kitchen, there are different indicators of lighting. There are national standards, foreign countries have foreign standards, domestic domestic standards, we must meet the standards. Maybe everyone thinks that the decoration is very personal. I like to be bright or like dark, but it is suitable for many bright and appropriate. It is standard reference. Choose some reasonable lighting equipment, lighting equipment, including light sources, lamps and colors. Adopting scientific, reasonable and targeted lighting methods, there are many lighting methods. Like this, it may be indirect lighting. If the light is turned on, there may be direct lighting. Various lighting methods. After selecting the standard, what kind of lighting method should we pass? Only to be able to meet the requirements, this is what designers should consider.
The main considerations in residential lighting design include the illuminance, which is the most direct physical quantity. There is also brightness, brightness is subjective and we can feel. Brightness is the illuminated work area or the environmental area. The area around the work area and work area is called the environmental area. There is also a background area. After an object is illuminated, there may be a ratio of front or side. The area that is illuminated, just said that our furniture is good, the decorations are good, and the home is not just such a piece. The object, there is something more than that, after being illuminated, there is a ratio of area and brightness. There is also a light color, this time there must be a problem of a light environment atmosphere. There are also color rendering indexes, and some rooms may emphasize higher requirements for light colors, such as kitchens and restaurants, with a better relationship. Therefore, why do you like the Baizhi lamp in some homes because of its high color rendering. There are also colors and contrasts. There may be some changes after lighting in the house. We have an estimate.
Then consider the contrast between them, this contrast is very important, in fact there is a harmonious problem. Many of our designers now prefer to do a bit more intense, and have a personality design, then this is understandable, but we must grasp one point, that is, after choosing what color, there should be a contrast, this is very important. There is also a three-dimensional sense, and the object to be illuminated, its shape, color, texture, must be shaped by lighting. When we illuminate an object, consider the reflectivity, reflective properties, such as slow reflection, transmission, which are very specific problems. Choosing the luminaires, many of our families or designers are very concerned about the styling. The styling is on the one hand. In addition to this, we must also consider the opticality, because of the decoration, decoration, and space performance of the object being photographed. And its cooperation with the entire space, including lighting techniques, a lot of techniques, we have a general designer have contact and understanding, should have a comprehensive grasp. There is also control of indoor light pollution. In many aspects of light pollution, such as from sunlight, light reflections from lamps reflect light, and the light is very bright. The house is very bright, and it is also a kind of pollution. The contrast is too much pollution.
The following is a brief introduction to the requirements and goals in combination with the different spaces in the specific home. The main functions of our living room are the guests, the guests and other functions. The requirements of the guests are mainly to communicate with the guests, which is the expression of facial expressions and movements. That is to say, your lighting should have an appropriate and reasonable display, and lighting achieves this purpose. Then, the desktop provides proper lighting. In fact, there is a main light in the living room. This main light has such a requirement. In addition to the main light, we all know that a single main light may be very hard, and it may not meet such a good requirement. It also needs some auxiliary light. The purpose of the auxiliary light is to the surrounding environment of the meeting table. The shaping of the seat, including the owner and the guest. The main light is the facial expression. The main light will be relatively dull and hard. It also needs the auxiliary light to get out of shape. In addition to this, there is ambient light, which is that you feel very comfortable in the space, give the guests a sense of recognition, what is the environment, you are kind, formal, warm, there should be such an environment Shape.
There is also the rendering of light, the lighting of art. The living room may sometimes be with the living room, but in some countries, the concept of the living room includes more features, in addition to meeting guests, there may be other functions, such as playing the piano, watching TV, writing homework, Reading books, etc., is a common space in the family. The core function is still a visitor. When we design the living room lighting, we first have a core in the living room, which has a sense of overallity. In fact, the visitor area is shaped as the core public space in the whole space. Its speed emphasizes its core position in terms of its position, from the entire environment. In addition to the targeted design of these other functional areas, it is also necessary to cooperate with the meeting area. When we entered the living room, we felt that it was a whole, not a piecemeal feeling, that is, we had a sense of wholeness while maintaining a sense of hierarchy.
We all know that the restaurant is mainly for dining in the restaurant, and the lighting of the restaurant is mainly to illuminate the surface of the dining table. Secondly, for the illumination of the facial expression of the dining person, the tabletop illumination is the illumination of the horizontal plane, and the illumination of the vertical surface of the person's facial illumination, which is the main two things to consider in the restaurant lighting. Then, there are some other additional supplemental lighting, the dining room and the front living room and the reception area lighting, the restaurant lighting emphasizes the atmosphere, and does not consider the surrounding environment. For example, the family is related to people who are closer, and the surrounding environment is weaker, which emphasizes the gathering of the whole atmosphere. If it is a more formal guest, you may also need to illuminate the surrounding area.
The entrance hall, its lighting provides good illumination in the door and outside the door, or vertical lighting, you can see the opposite person after opening the door, the guest sees the owner, the owner sees the guest, can see the illumination of the face. There is also an appropriate illumination on both sides of the foyer, one for the guiding instructions and a sense of openness after illuminating. The foyer generally likes to put a piece of jewelry, or a piece of art hanging on the wall, or a mural, or a screen, or a stand. This thing is from the perspective of lighting, we have to show it, its role emphasizes the balance between the owner, the guest, and the art. There is also a series of requirements for lighting on the ground.
The bedroom lighting emphasizes the atmosphere, and sometimes the atmosphere may be illuminated by a softer direct lighting, either by direct lighting in the middle of the bedroom or by indirect lighting of the environment, through the atmosphere, such as the floor lamp, to form the entire room. In addition to designing some bedside lighting, reading lights and the like.
The kitchen has several parts, one is the lighting of the console, and the overall lighting, combined with the lighting of the entire space. The study is used for reading, and there is a tabletop illumination. Continuous work requires a proper illumination. In addition to the appropriate value of illumination, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate ratio with the surrounding environment. It cannot be said that the table lamp is very bright, and the others are very dark. It’s very uncomfortable for a long time. There are also dressing rooms, dressing tables, some ladies know that this face, the face is to be vertically illuminated, the illumination is higher, mainly vertical lighting. In addition, we make up and change clothes to different places. We can design lighting with adjustable lighting. It is to simulate different brightness lighting. For example, I went to dinner or what we did. We know that our makeup and dressing is not the case. Can feel it.
The front view is mainly to provide the illumination of the guests' faces and the lighting on the reception desk. There is a secondary light that is illuminated by indirect light and then by ambient light, which emphasizes both the space and the scattered light to provide an ambient illumination. This means that the living room or the entrance hall is very close. This kind of situation generally emphasizes that the two spaces should be separated from each other in the lighting design. This is the meeting area. This is the entrance hall. In addition to the respective lighting, we hope to emphasize The lighting, there is a light on the surface, the light below, there is an emphasis, after the emphasis there is naturally a sense of space, so the visitor area appears relatively independent. This is also a function in the living room, this is a dining table, meeting guests, this is the meeting area, which is the lighting of the two functional sections, as well as the partition, the partition may be art, bookshelf, through accent lighting These two intervals are split. This is also a mixture of different functions in a space, isolated by lighting, this is an interval, this is another interval, this is a reception area, the lighting of the reception area, there is no other isolation The lighting is a way of attracting through the line of sight. This is the reception area. The reception area has its own lights and its own indirect lighting.
Then through other lighting, at night you can draw the line of sight by illuminating the curtains. Through such a technique, the division of such functions is naturally emphasized. This is also two functional areas, meeting guests, here is dining. Then, in fact, its emphasis on segmentation is through the light itself, with the main light and auxiliary light in each interval. This is a reading area. Here is a writing desk. This is a partial lighting. In addition to the local lighting, there should be other peripheral lighting. Otherwise, the brightness difference will be too great. It will be uncomfortable for a long time. . Well, that is to say, this light may be used to illuminate the environment, to provide illumination for the decorations and wall paintings. Conversely, this reflected light also provides ambient light for the working area. This light is actually the general illumination and overall illumination in the room. This section is a visitor. When watching TV, you need background lighting. The brightness of the TV is very high, which is generally needed. If there is no background light, it is impossible for many people in the house to turn off the lights when watching TV. It may be to save electricity or get used to it. In fact, it is unscientific. It is best to turn on the lights when watching TV. This can reduce the contrast. Comfortable.
This is the bedroom, which does not have the main lighting in the room, but creates a soft atmosphere through the ambient lighting. This is a bedroom inside, through direct lighting, emphasizing the convergence of an atmosphere, just a few of them emphasize the integrity of the room, which may be designed for different spaces, different spaces are large or small, or the owner I hope to create a little, warm, or expansion requirements, according to the requirements, the light has such a function. This is some of the requirements of the foyer, so the lighting in the foyer is very narrow. It is best to emphasize the vertical illumination when lighting, and to expand the space. It is also very important to illuminate the decorations around the foyer to form a bright spot. A balance is formed between the guest, the owner, and the decorative object, so that the visual needs are consistent with the needs of the hall. These figures are the requirements in the foyer, lighting the guests and the owners, and having enough lighting for the booth.
This is the lighting of glare. This is the space for washing hands in the house. The lamps are located here. If this is the case, our eyes will see the light directly, which is direct glare. We can avoid it if we block it. This is the design principle just mentioned. We have to consider some issues. It is either a meal or a conversation, with an adjustable luminaire to complete the function conversion. That is to say, taking a meal, for example, an intimate relationship, or a family relationship. When we are eating, the light is mainly to provide the illumination of the tabletop or the illumination of the meal, and the face of the person can be in the shadow. It can also be placed in a soft light environment through light transmission, which is more warm and softer, because it is more familiar and does not need to look at facial expressions. If you are a very formal guest, or a strange guest, you can pull this light up, or provide a wide-angle lighting, you need the person's face under the light, so that the expression exchange and talk more clear communication.
Different living spaces have different requirements. From the living room to the living room to the dining room to the bedroom, different spaces emphasize different things, some may emphasize gathering, some emphasize contraction, and some may emphasize softness. Then, in some cases, emphasis is placed on a functionality. For example, such kitchens, bathrooms, and writing desks emphasize lighting functionality. When designing, we must provide appropriate functions. Some have to emphasize the flexibility of lighting, which is the following adjustments, adjustable lights and so on. Some emphasize the cooperation between the shape of the lamp and the furniture.
In fact, the lighting design is currently more residential design. This is the standard of several countries. Every country has standards. The United Kingdom and the European Union have chosen a few typical examples. Different standards in different rooms have picked up some standards. Why are there four standards? You can see standards like this category, the US standard, which emphasizes visual functions, from a visual function perspective. Then the Japanese standards are very profitable and very user-friendly. For different functions, the emphasis on makeup is different. At the same time, the environmental area is more than twenty times worse. His consideration is that the position is needed to make the lighting very bright, and the unnecessary places make the lighting very weak. The Russian standard may be a bit simpler, a bit more extensive, and less targeted.
In the following, combined with a few specific examples, the design requirements, principles, and techniques introduced are more visual. This is the reception area. I just talked about the main light and the auxiliary light, which provide illumination through the embedded spotlights. By providing such a reflected light to the surrounding ground, the entire seat, or space, is illuminated throughout the environment. This is also a meeting area, which emphasizes a space by lighting, so it is actually a partition to the surrounding area. Such a pane, ceiling, emphasizes the space by lighting the pane, making you feel that the space is very warm, very Comfortable. This is also the reception area. The main light of the reception area is mainly the lighting of the reception area through natural light. Take this part of the photo, which mainly emphasizes the emphasis on space, the illumination of the wall, such a very detailed, very segmented illumination, both artistic and personal, when talking, You can communicate with others, you can also feel the space art and so on. This was taken from the newspaper a few days ago. The purpose of the problem to be explained is not unclear. Such a room, whether it emphasizes the focus of the room, is not reflected. In a word, all the places where the light can be used are illuminated. This example is to actually emphasize that this is two spaces, space is through the illumination of some grids, emphasizing the separation of space.
This is the corner of the living room in a small home. The light environment is done by a combination of natural lighting and artificial lighting. During the day we can provide such a desktop lighting and dining time through natural lighting and good natural lighting. illumination. Then, this natural daylighting is done through the commissioning of green plants. This is a living room with more functions. This is the main meeting area. You can see the reception area in the living room or the main space. Lighting plays a major role. In other spaces, their lighting has its own characteristics and requirements, and at the same time forms a good cooperation with the main body. This is a small meeting area, or a dining area, which emphasizes the lighting in the reception area, but also emphasizes lighting for other areas, forming a dining area, a meeting area and an environmental decoration. Communication, such a adjustment, is a decorative lighting or a decorative lighting for the core lighting. From here, there is no special emphasis on the shaping of the entire space. In fact, for some decorations or table lamps, it is some point-to-point illumination, which is the adjustment of the dining area.
This is a meeting area or dining area, mainly to emphasize dining, emphasize the gathering of the light atmosphere of the dining area, no lighting around, compress the light atmosphere into such a dining area, like some friends, family, may be Such an environment is better, and it is not affected by the environment. The line of sight can be dispersed and not diverted. This is a meeting room that emphasizes the atmosphere and forms a good atmosphere with the lighting of the lighting and Other Parts of the room. There is a good match between the lighting. This is the lighting of the dressing table, the main intensity of the vertical lighting of the face, the light is relatively long, this is one of them, of course, there are others. The main point is that it provides good vertical lighting, and there is a primary and secondary cooperation with each other. This is also a bathroom, dressing table lighting, face washing and makeup.
The emphasis here is on the combination of natural lighting and artificial lighting. It can be used both day and night, or at the same time. These two points are reflected in the fact that natural lighting is formed by some pressure and glass. Well, it also provides a good facial illumination. The one that is not so good is that the mirror design is a little worse. Disk TV just said, should design some environmental lighting, there is a adjustment, this ambient lighting is a background of table lamps, wall design. This is the lighting of the bedroom. There is no main light in the light. It is the illumination of the furniture and the decoration, and the whole space is illuminated. This is a more avant-garde approach, strictly speaking, this is not a design of the indoor light environment.
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