The term "robot" first appeared in the "Universal Robot of Rossom" by the Czech science fiction writer æ° å…‹ in 1920. The original text was "Robota" and later became the "Robot" in English. The more scientific definition was proposed by Japanese scientist Mori Masahiro and Hetian Zhou Ping in 1967: "Robot is a mobile, individual, intelligent, versatile, semi-mechanical, semi-human, automatic, slave, and other seven characteristics. Flexible machine."
The International Robotics Federation divides robots into two categories, industrial robots and service robots . The industrial robot is "an automatically controlled, programmable, multi-function actuator with three or more programmable axes for industrial automation, which can be fixed or mobile." The service robot is "a semi-autonomous or fully autonomous robot that can perform services that are beneficial to human health, but does not include equipment for production." As can be seen from the definition, the standard of classification is the application of the robot.
The general robots are composed of mechanical structure, control drive system, sensing system, and interactive system.
Figure 1 System structure of a general robot
In recent years, the supply of industrial robots has shown an upward trend in most industries. The service robot has a short history. The main differences in function are reflected in two aspects: one is communication with people; the other is to replace part of the work in a complex environment.
Development status
Bionic robot
The name "robot" itself has a bionics color. At present, many humanoid robots , robot dogs and other products have come out. Most of these products only have entertainment functions. However, at the end of 2013, the DARPA Robotics Challenge held at Homestead, Florida, USA, pushed bionic robots into disaster relief applications. The event designed eight missions, including obstacle-filled doors, rugged roads, broken walls, fire hydrants, and rotating valves, to attract 16 bionic robot teams from around the world. It can be seen from the setting of the game mission that the game clearly highlights the application of the bionic robot in disaster relief. After fierce competition, the HRP-2 robot produced by Schaft of Japan finally won the championship. A non-profit organization from Florida and Carnegie Mellon University won two or three. It is worth mentioning that the Schaft robot was acquired by Google earlier, and the Atlas robot used by the second and fourth teams was also from Google's Boston Dynamics. As one of the world's most innovative technology companies, Google's acquisition behavior also shows that bionic robots have certain market prospects.
Figure 2 HRP-2 robot and Atlas robot
In terms of rescue and disaster relief, robots have enormous advantages compared with human beings, which can greatly improve search and rescue efficiency and reduce casualties. But at the same time, it can be seen from the event that all the robots have experienced problems in the game, and even three teams have finally scored zero points. Even after the game is completed, the robot's movements appear to be dull. All of these indicate that the current biomimetic robot technology is still immature and has a lot of room for development.
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