The biggest difference between LED lighting and traditional lighting, LED lighting is a complete electronic product, and traditional lighting is only an electrical product. Therefore, LED lamps can be easily associated with various types of sensors, thereby achieving various automatic control functions such as light control and infrared control. For example, the automatic switch of LED street light can be easily realized by a photosensitive sensor; community night walkway and courtyard lighting can use infrared sensors to collect human activity information and automatically open and close lighting fixtures.
LED lighting switch automatic control
As a device for signal acquisition and electromechanical conversion, the electromechanical technology of the sensor is quite mature. In recent years, the rise of MEMS technology has pushed the sensor technology to miniaturization, intelligence, multi-function and low cost. Various types of sensors, such as photosensitive sensors and infrared sensors, can be combined with LED lighting fixtures to form an intelligent control system. The sensors convert various collected physical quantity signals into electrical signals, which can be integrated into an AD (analog-to-digital) converter. The MCU (microcontroller) and DA (digital-to-analog) converters intelligently process the acquired signals to control the opening and closing of the LED lighting fixtures. Humans can set various control requirements on the MCU to control the switching time, brightness, color rendering, and colorful changes of the LED lights, thereby achieving the goal of saving energy and saving energy. A system block diagram of sensors and LED luminaires. The current integrated circuit manufacturing technology can integrate AD, DA, and MCU in a 5mm & TImes; 5mm or smaller package, and it is convenient to install in the luminaire.
Photosensitive sensor combined with LED lamp
Wind-electric LED street light is a highly intelligent and unattended road lighting fixture that uses wind and sunlight to generate electricity and uses batteries to store energy. Therefore, automatic energy management is very important. Photosensitive sensor is an ideal electronic sensor that can control the automatic switching of the circuit due to changes in illumination during dawn and sunrise (sunrise, sunset).
Photosensitive sensors can automatically control the opening and closing of LED lighting in shopping malls according to weather, time zone and region. Reduce power consumption by reducing its output power during bright daylight, and a convenience store with a store area of ​​200m2 can reduce power consumption by up to 53% compared to when using fluorescent lamps. The life span is also about 50,000 to 100,000 hours. Under normal circumstances, the life of LED lighting fixtures is about 40,000 hours; the color of the light can also be RGB (red, green and blue) colorful and colorful, so that the mall lights more colorful, the atmosphere is more active; with the use of yellow phosphors Compared to the original blue LED, the purple LEDs that use the red, green, and blue phosphors have higher color rendering properties.
Infrared sensor combined with LED lamp
Infrared sensors work by detecting infrared rays emitted by the human body. The main principle is that the infrared light emitted by the human body is about 10μm and is reinforced by the Fresnel filter lens and then collected on the pyroelectric element PIR (passive infrared) detector. When the person moves, the emission position of the infrared radiation changes. The component loses its charge balance, and the pyroelectric effect releases the charge outward. The infrared sensor converts the infrared radiation energy of the Fresnel filter lens into an electrical signal, that is, thermoelectric conversion. When there is no human body moving in the detection area of ​​the passive infrared detector, the infrared sensor senses only the background temperature. When the human body enters the detection area, the pyroelectric lens senses the human body temperature through the Fresnel lens. The difference in background temperature, after the signal is collected, is compared with the existing detection data in the system to determine whether an artificial infrared source or the like enters the detection area.
Passive infrared sensors have three key components: Fresnel filter lenses, pyroelectric infrared sensors, and matched low noise amplifiers. The Fresnel lens has two functions: one is the focusing effect, which is to refract the pyroelectric infrared signal on the PIR: the other is to divide the detection area into several bright and dark areas, so that the moving object/person entering the detection area can A varying pyroelectric infrared signal is produced on the PIR in the form of a temperature change. It is also generally matched with a low-noise amplifier. When the ambient temperature on the detector rises, especially when it is close to the normal body temperature (37 °C), the sensitivity of the sensor decreases, and the gain is compensated by it to increase its sensitivity. The output signal can be used to drive an electronic switch to achieve switching control of the LED lighting circuit.
Ultrasonic sensors similar to infrared sensor applications have found more applications in the automatic detection of moving objects in recent years. The ultrasonic sensor mainly uses the Doppler principle to emit a high-frequency ultrasonic wave that is more than the human body can perceive through the crystal oscillator. Generally, a 25~40 kHz wave is selected, and then the control module detects the frequency of the reflected back wave. If there is object motion in the area, the reflection The wave frequency will have a slight fluctuation, the Doppler effect, to determine the movement of the object in the illumination area, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the switch.
The longitudinal oscillation characteristics of ultrasonic waves can propagate in gases, liquids and solids, and their propagation speeds are different. It also has refraction and reflection phenomena. It has a low frequency of propagation in air and attenuates rapidly, but decays in solids and liquids. Smaller and more distant. Ultrasonic sensors take advantage of these characteristics of ultrasound. Ultrasonic sensors have a large sensitivity range, no visual blind spots, and no interference from obstacles. This technology has been used in commercial and security fields for more than 25 years and has proven to be the most effective method for detecting small object motion. Therefore, the system with the LED luminaire can be sensitive to the control switch.
Due to the high sensitivity of the ultrasonic sensor, the vibration of the air vibration, ventilation heating and cooling system and the surrounding space will cause the ultrasonic sensor to trigger falsely, so the ultrasonic sensor needs to be calibrated in time.
Temperature sensor for over-temperature protection of LED lamps
The temperature sensor NTC (negative temperature coefficient) is widely used for over-temperature protection of LED lamps. If LED lamps use high-power LED light sources, they must use multi-wing aluminum radiators. Since the LED lamps used for indoor lighting have very small space, the heat dissipation problem is still one of the biggest technical bottlenecks. If the LED lamp is not cool, it will lead to early light decay of the LED light source due to overheating. After the LED lamp is turned on, the heat will be enriched to the lamp head due to the automatic rise of the hot air, which affects the life of the power supply. Therefore, when designing the LED lamp, an NTC can be closely attached to the aluminum heat sink near the LED light source to collect the temperature of the lamp in real time, and the circuit can automatically reduce the output current of the constant current source when the temperature of the aluminum heat sink of the lamp cup rises. The lamp is cooled down; when the temperature of the aluminum cup radiator of the lamp cup rises to the limit set value, the LED power supply is automatically turned off to realize the over-temperature protection of the lamp, and when the temperature is lowered, the lamp is automatically turned on again.
Conclusion:
Just because LED luminaires are a complete electronic product, with the diversification of LED luminaires and the expansion of applications, with the more creativity and innovation of LED lighting design, more sensors will be combined for LED lighting and Light up the engineering system. A new era of intelligent LED lighting is coming, and human lighting life will become more and more bright and comfortable.
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