What is the Internet of Things? What are the technical development issues and countermeasures?

The information technology centered on the Internet of Things is hailed as the third information technology revolution in the world after computer and Internet technology. Its application covers the wide grid, wired network, wireless communication, intelligent transportation, security, and surveillance. And medical and other industries. Since 2009, governments have accelerated the development and application of the Internet of Things.

It is predicted that the industrial value brought by the Internet of Things technology is more than 30 times that of Internet technology. The communication business that this technology will form will reach the trillion yuan level, and the prospects are very impressive. It is estimated that by 2020, there will be more than 50 billion terminal devices connected to the Internet of Things worldwide. The Chinese government also attaches great importance to the development of Internet of Things technology. Accelerating the research and development and application of Internet of Things technology has been written into the government work report and has become a national strategy. A series of industrial policies and plans related to the development of the Internet of Things have been successively introduced.

First, the conceptual meaning and basic characteristics of the Internet of Things

(1) The concept of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things refers to various types of information sensing devices, such as sensing devices, electronic tags (RFID technology), video recognition technology, laser scanners, infrared sensors, global positioning systems (GPS), etc., in accordance with agreed protocols. According to the network connection required to realize the interconnection of goods, information communication and exchange are carried out, thereby realizing a network system for intelligently identifying, locating, tracking, monitoring and managing articles.

The IoT technology, which is an integral part of modern information technology integration and a new generation of information technology, mainly includes a three-layer architecture of the sensing layer, the network layer and the application layer, as shown in Figure 1.

(2) Characteristics of the Internet of Things

As an important part of the new generation of information technology, the Internet of Things has three characteristics:

First, the Internet of Things technology has the characteristics of the Internet. For objects that need to be connected to the Internet of Things technology, there must be an interconnected network that can be interconnected.

Second, the Internet of Things technology has the characteristics of identification and communication. Objects connected to the network must have the function of automatic identification and the function of object communication (M2M).

Finally, the Internet of Things technology has intelligent features. Networks formed using IoT technology should have the functions of automation, self-feedback, and intelligent control.

Second, the status quo of China's Internet of Things industry development

In China, the predecessor of the concept of Internet of Things is the sensor network. The Chinese Academy of Sciences initiated research on sensor network technology in 1999 and has achieved a series of scientific research results. After 2009, there has been a wave of concentrated research on IoT technology in China. In 2010, the Internet of Things was written into the government work report. From the perspective of industrial structure and industrial scale, China's current Internet of Things industry is still in its infancy. The technologies, standards, products and markets related to the Internet of Things are not mature. It is expected that by the end of 2015, the Internet of Things industry will reach the scale of 500 billion, and by the end of 2020 it will reach the scale of tens of billions.

(1) The development of logistics network industry has risen to the national strategic height

When Premier Wen Jiabao visited Wuxi in August 2009, he pointed out that he should actively create conditions, establish a “perceive China” center in Wuxi, and accelerate the development of the Internet of Things technology. In September 2010, the Internet of Things industry rose to the national strategic level. As an important part of the new generation of information technology, the Internet of Things technology has been listed as a strategic emerging industry that the country has focused on. In October of that year, the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development was issued, pointing out strategic emerging industries. It is the focus of the country's future support, and the next-generation information technology industry, which focuses on next-generation communication networks, Internet of Things, triple play, new flat panel displays, high-performance integrated circuits and high-end software, will be the focus of future support. In addition, China has included the Internet of Things in the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) and the 2050 National Industry Roadmap.

(2) Forming a relatively rich basic application of the Internet of Things

Since the development of China's Internet of Things industry was officially listed in 2010, the development of the Internet of Things industry has gained unprecedented opportunities. According to data released by the China RFID Industry Alliance, the net income of China's RFID industry in 2010 has reached 12.15 billion yuan, an increase of 42.8% year-on-year. In 2011, the industry's net income reached more than 16 billion yuan, an increase of 33.3%. The growth is very fast. At present, China's RFID industry is second only to the United States and the United Kingdom, ranking third in the world. RFID technology has been used in several fields such as industrial production, logistics, food traceability, urban transportation, etc. With the use of 3G networks, operators have launched mobile payment methods, which has added a new application field to RFID technology. Pay.

(3) The construction of Internet of Things standards has started

The lack of IoT standards is a key constraint to the rapid development of IoT technology. At present, not only are there many unified standards in many areas covered by the Internet of Things in the world, but China is even more so. Since 2009, as the Chinese government has continuously increased the development of the Internet of Things industry, the development of the Internet of Things standards has received more and more attention from all sectors of society. China's sensor network standard construction has begun. After the establishment of the Sensor Network Research Group (SGSN) in 2007, the China Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee hosted the first meeting of the Sensor Network Research Work Conference, and organized domestic experts to participate in the conference. . On June 9, 2010, the China Internet of Things (Sensor Network) Standard Joint Working Group was established. 14 ministries, 17 industry associations, and 24 standardization organizations have joined the organization to conduct IoT standards research. The establishment of this working group means that the research and formulation of the Internet of Things standards in China has made new progress. The participating units have been effectively communicated and exchanged on the platform of the Joint Working Group on Internet of Things Standards. Played a very good role in promoting. In March 2012, the “Internet of Things Overview” standard developed by the Institute of Telecommunications Research of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology passed the review of the International Telecommunication Union meeting and entered the draft of the study group, which indicates that the standard distance has officially become an international standard. One step away.

Third, the problems in the development of China's Internet of Things technology

(1) Standard absence hinders the development of Internet of Things technology

At present, there is no unified Internet of Things application standard in the world. This is especially true in China. It is difficult for the Internet of Things applications to be unified standards between industries and industries, between enterprises and enterprises. Due to the lack of unified standards, IoT projects cannot be interoperable, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of applying the entire network to the entire Internet of Things. In 2010, China's Internet of Things technology application has been extended to intelligent transportation, intelligent logistics, smart city management, smart medical health, smart home, smart grid and other fields; but at the same time, the lack of Internet of Things technology standards will increasingly become The key constraints affecting the development of the Internet of Things industry will not only enable the interconnection of the Internet of Things, but will also affect the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the entire Internet of Things industry to some extent.

(II) The core technology link of the Internet of Things needs to be broken

Although the research on the sensor network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences started earlier, the research was initiated in 1999, and the research progress in many network communication technology applications, such as wireless smart sensors, micro sensors, sensor terminals and mobile base stations. They are all very smooth, industrialization is advancing very fast, and a complete industrial chain has been formed from materials, technology, devices, systems to networks. In the field of Internet of Things technology, China is one of the leading countries in the development of international standards (current international standards development) The leading countries are composed of China, the United States, Germany, and South Korea. The development prospects are gratifying. However, two-dimensional code technology and RFID technology are the key links of the Internet of Things technology. The research in western developed countries started earlier and developed faster. Compared with China in terms of chip design and manufacturing, terminal equipment and systems, etc. In a backward position. In addition, China's core technology in the field of Internet of Things still has a big gap compared with developed countries. In the RFID industry chain, core technologies such as core chip research and development, system integration and software development are still not owned by Chinese enterprises. control.

(3) IoT information security issues need to be resolved

If the network security based on IoT technology cannot be solved, the technological development of the Internet of Things will be affected. At present, there are information security risks in the interconnection technology between various types of networks in the Internet of Things technology, wireless network technologies, and data transmission technologies of network nodes, and information leakage may occur.

Especially in the electronic tag embedded in the RFID information in the RFID system, if no protection measures are taken, the electronic tag is arbitrarily scanned by the reader, and after scanning, the electronic tag automatically responds to the command of the reader and stores the information already stored therein. Transmission to the reader can lead to personal privacy, corporate secrets, and even state secret information exposure. Therefore, how to effectively protect massive information and user privacy is the core issue that needs to be solved in the development of the Internet of Things. The government legislature should, according to the situation and security problems encountered in the development of the Internet of Things, formulate corresponding laws and regulations as soon as possible, and introduce relevant industrial development policies; develop Internet of Things information protection technologies by means of Internet security protection to ensure Internet of Things information. And the privacy of the user.

(4) The problem of insufficient IP address remains to be resolved

After the items are connected to the Internet of Things, each item needs a unique IP address in order to solve the addressing problem. At present, the problem of insufficient IPv4 address is serious and can only be realized by IPv6 technology. However, the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 and how to deal with the compatibility with IPv4 have become a problem in the development of Internet of Things technology.

Fourth, accelerate the research and development of Internet of Things technology

(1) Increase investment in research and development and participate in the formulation of international standards

Any country's IoT development strategy emphasizes R&D investment, and China is no exception. Without input, there will be no output. The Internet of Things is the product of the cross-integration of a variety of new technologies. The continuous cross-integration of new technologies is also the key to the emergence and development of IoT technology. When planning the development strategy of the Internet of Things industry and formulating development policies, China should attach importance to increasing the R&D investment of core technologies of the Internet of Things and seize the high ground of industrial development, because increasing R&D investment is the key to accelerating the development of the Internet of Things industry.

At present, in the research and development of core technologies of the Internet of Things industry, there is still a certain gap between China and the world's advanced level. To reduce the gap, we must selectively research and combine the existing research bases according to the actual situation of China's Internet of Things industry development. To develop core technologies in certain fields, rather than requiring comprehensive breakthroughs, we must gradually achieve technological breakthroughs in certain areas and achieve world leadership. A good example is the adoption of the IoT Overview standard, led by the Institute of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the adoption of the 13th Study Group meeting of the International Telecommunication Union. This is of epoch-making significance for guiding and promoting the progress of China's Internet of Things technology, industrial development, and application of results.

After achieving breakthroughs in certain areas, international standards have been formed. This does not mean that IoT companies in related fields can wait for market share and can wait for the corresponding profits. How to transform the established standard advantages into competitive advantages and cost advantages, promote the industrialization of technological achievements, form a complete IoT industrial chain, and build an IoT industrial system with reasonable layout, structural optimization and complete categories. This is to promote the Internet of Things. The key to technological development.

(II) Accelerating the demonstration construction of Internet of Things applications - "Internet of Vehicles"

What is the "Internet of Vehicles"? "Car networking" is to install sensors, radar and other equipment on the car to sense traffic accidents; install GPS positioning system to achieve vehicle tracking and path optimization, combine road monitoring sensors to find and optimize traffic flow; information exchange between car and remote control center The vehicle can be remotely activated or locked to prevent the car from being stolen and the like. Therefore, "Internet of Vehicles" as a typical IoT application with wide coverage, strong foundation and huge market space has a promising future. "Car Network" has become the first choice for IoT demonstration applications due to its scale effect and industrial driving action.

Suzhou Jinlong first applied the “vehicle networking” in the passenger car industry in July 2010. The application of “vehicle networking” was very rapid. After one year, the total amount of loading exceeded 12,000. At present, Suzhou Jinlong, Zhengzhou Yutong, China FAW, Changan, Geely, SAIC and Futian have all launched their own in-vehicle information service systems, and gradually entered the mass loading stage. China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom, Nokia, Siemens and other companies are also actively participating in the "vehicle networking" application. In addition, “vehicle networking” is still the focus of application of intelligent transportation that is currently under development. At present, the bus “car network” has been widely used in demonstration and application due to the easy establishment of a regional-based network platform, and has achieved good results. It is estimated that by 2020, the number of passenger cars in China will reach 200 million. By then, intelligent transportation will become more important, and its application will not be based on bicycle-based services, but a broader application field.

(3) Creating a batch of national-level Internet of Things industrial bases

To develop an emerging industry, it is necessary to experience two essential development processes: industrial agglomeration and industrial extension. For the continuous and rapid development of the Internet of Things industry, we must first rationally lay out the layout of the industrial space. Secondly, we need to create a series of tailor-made supporting industries and the government's preferential policies from the development planning of the industry to taxation, investment, and services. Support, this makes it possible for the Internet of Things industry to achieve space gathering and form industrial clusters, as is the case in countries and regions around the world. At the same time, the realization of the agglomeration and development of the Internet of Things industry in the space layout can also facilitate the centralized management of the government and form a cluster effect. Then to achieve industrial agglomeration, we must rely on China's existing industrial base. Therefore, China should rely on the already established IoT technology park as a base. For example, high-tech development zones with good conditions in Hangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Wuxi, etc. have been Approving the establishment of a national demonstration base for the development of the Internet of Things industry, after reaching a certain scale, it can realize the optimization of the layout of the national Internet of Things industry by means of point-to-face. Increase the planning and construction of the Internet of Things industrial park, rationally distribute the industrial park, avoid redundant construction, accelerate the development of the Internet of Things industry from the total amount and scale; and plan and construct the supporting system for the development of the Internet of Things industry according to the development law of the electronic information industry, improve The comprehensive development environment has prompted China to become a world-wide design and manufacturing country in the Internet of Things.

(4) Actively cultivate the main body of the Internet of Things

Compared with the traditional information technology industry, the development of the Internet of Things industry is more uncertain, and its impact is more difficult to predict. Only by mastering the core technologies related to the Internet of Things industry and the corresponding technological autonomy, timely identification of various potential Security threats can circumvent the risks that may be formed by the development of the Internet of Things industry. To do this, it is necessary to cultivate a group of enterprises that master the core technologies of the Internet of Things.

From the current actual situation, the development of large-scale IoT enterprise groups can be considered from two aspects: on the one hand, it is to enlarge and strengthen existing large-scale information technology enterprises, such as Huawei, Lenovo, and ZTE, so that they can obtain international competition. On the other hand, it encourages telecom operators such as China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom to realize the transformation of traditional technology business, and use its strong market advantages in mobile, broadband and interconnection to develop key technologies in the field of Internet of Things and realize industrial upgrading. Transformation.

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