introduction
Logistics is the physical flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of receipt. According to actual needs, the basic functions of transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, circulation processing, distribution, information processing and other basic functions are organically combined. Transportation is one of the most important links in the modern logistics industry. Through transportation, production materials are continuously delivered to producers to ensure the smooth progress of production. At the same time, goods are continuously delivered to the consumer market to meet consumer needs.
Due to the diversification of production needs, the goods transported are diverse, and the requirements for transportation are diversified. The transportation of fragile or dangerous goods requires monitoring of vibration parameters during transportation to ensure the integrity or safety of the transported goods.
This paper proposes and implements a vibration measurement system for logistics transportation process monitoring, which uses vibration sensors to collect vibration information of transportation vehicles. The vibration information collected by the system can be stored for analysis of the logistics transportation process. At the same time, the vibration system can also be connected to the alarm system, and when the vibration data exceeds the safe range, it will give an alarm prompt.
1 Measurement system and hardware design
1.1 Measuring system design
The structure of the vibration measurement system proposed in this paper is shown in Figure 1. It uses ATmega16L MCU and acceleration sensor MMA7260 as the core, and is composed of peripheral circuits. To alarm when the vibration exceeds the standard, the system can be connected to the corresponding alarm system.
1.2 MMA7260 acceleration sensor module
The system uses MMA7260 acceleration sensor to measure vibration parameters. The MMA7260 is produced by Freescale Corporation of the United States. It is a low-cost, low-power, fast-opening, three-axis acceleration sensor with complete functions and strong shock resistance. There are four measurement ranges to choose from, 1.5g, 2g, 4g 6g, of which 1.5g has the highest accuracy, reaching 800 mv / g; MMA7260 has a sleep mode, the current in sleep mode is 3μA.
The MMA7260 acceleration sensor outputs an analog voltage signal to characterize the acceleration of a moving object. The output analog voltage signal is proportional to the acceleration. The analog signal is calculated and processed by the microcontroller after A / D conversion. Figure 2 shows the schematic diagram of the pins of MMA7260, where Xout, Yout, Zout are X, Y, Z analog voltage output pins, G1, G2 are range selection pins, VCC is the sensor power supply pin, VSS is Sensor ground pin.
When using the MMA7260 acceleration sensor, it is necessary to select appropriate ranges by assigning different values ​​to pins 4 and 5 according to actual requirements. The specific selection method and corresponding range and sensitivity are shown in Table 1.
1.3 Controller and acceleration data collection
This measuring system uses the single chip ATmega16L of ATMEL Company as the main controller. ATmega16L is a high-performance low-power 8-bit single-chip microcomputer, with 16 kB programmable Flash, 0.5 kB E2PROM, 1 kB on-chip SRAM, integrated a successive comparison ADC circuit, with 10-bit accuracy, 13 ~ 260μs conversion Time, 8 optional single-ended input channels.
The connection between ATmega16 and MMA7260 is shown in Figure 3. PA0, PA1, and PA2 in the PA port of the single-chip microcomputer are used as the input terminals for the analog voltages of the three axes X, Y, and Z of the MMA7260 vibration sensor. The received analog voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the internal A / D converter of the microcontroller, and then the data is processed. The PC3 pin and PC4 pin of the single chip microcomputer are used as the control end of the vibration sensor range selection. G1 and G2 of the MMA7260 are connected to the PC3 pin and PC4 of the single-chip computer respectively, and the desired range is selected by controlling the output levels of the PC3 pin and the PC4 pin. The 1.5g range is used in this system, so the PC3 pin and the PC4 pin Both output low level. The Sleep Mode pin of the MMA7260 is connected to the PC1 pin in the microcontroller, allowing this pin to output a high level, allowing the sensor to enter sleep mode, which has an energy-saving effect in sleep mode.
Features: 12v Dc geared motor drive precision, small volume, large torque, low noise, durability, low energy consumption, customized power design,easy installation, easy maintenance;Simplify design and save space.
12V Dc Gear Motor, namely Gear Reduction Motor, is based on ordinary Dc Motor, coupled with gear reduction gearbox.
The gear reducer is used to provide low speed and large torque.
At the same time, the gearbox with different deceleration ratio can provide different speed and torque.
Generally different industries, using different power dc motor, generally adopt custom parameter design pattern.
Method of use: the best stable in horizontal plane, installed on the 12v dc gear motor output shaft parts, cannot use a hammer to knock,knock prone to press into the 12v dc gear motor drive, may cause damage to internal components, and cannot be used in the case of blocked.
Operating temperature range:
12v Dc geared motors should be used at a temperature of -10~60℃.
The figures stated in the catalog specifications are based on use at ordinary room temperature catalog specifications re based on use at ordinary room temperature (approximately20~25℃.
If a geared motor is used outside the prescribed temperature range,the grease on the gearhead area will become unable to function normally and the motor will become unable to start.Depending on the temperature conditions ,it may be possible to deal with them by changing the grease of the motor's parts.Please feel free to consult with us about this.
Storage temperature range:
12v Dc geared motors should be stored ta a temperature of -15~65℃.
In case of storage outside this range,the grease on the gearhead area will become unable to function normally and the motor will become unable to start.
Service life:
The longevity of 12v Dc geared motor is greatly affected by the load conditions , the mode of operation,the environment of use ,etc.Therefore,it is necessary to check the conditions under which the product will actually be used .The following conditions will have a negative effect on longevity.Please consult with us should any of them apply.â—Use with a load that exceeds the rated torque
â—Frequent starting
â—Momentary reversals of turning direction
â—Impact loads
â—Long-term continuous operation
â—Forced turning using the output shaft
â—Use in which the permitted overhang load or the permitted thrust load is exceeded
â—A pulse drive ,e.g.,a short break,counter electromotive force,PWM control
â—Use of a voltage that is nonstandard as regards the rated voltage
â—Use outside the prescribed temperature or relative-humidity range,or in a special environment.
â—Please consult with us about these or any other conditions of use that may apply,so that we can be sure that you select the most appropriate model.
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