Audio processor, also known as digital processor, is the processing of digital signals. Its internal structure is generally composed of input and output parts. Its internal functions are more complete, and some processing modules with drag-and-drop programming can be composed by users to build systems freely.
Features of audio processorInput function introduction
Audio processor software interface input gain: controls the input level of the processor. The adjustable range is generally around 12 dB.
Input equalization: Most digital processors generally use 4-8 full-parameter equalization, and there are 3 internal adjustable parameters, namely frequency, bandwidth or Q value, and gain.
Input delay: This function is to allow the processor's input signal to perform some delay as soon as it enters. Generally, the overall delay adjustment is made when the processor and the speakers it controls are used as auxiliary.
Input polarity conversion: You can switch the polarity phase of the entire processor between positive and negative, saving you from changing the line.
Introduction of output function
Signal input distribution routing (ROUNT): The role is to let this output channel choose which input channel to accept the signal, generally can choose A (1) input, B (2) input or mixed input (A + B or mix mono), if you select A, the signal of this channel comes from input A, and the signal of input B is not accepted. If you select A + B, then no matter which signal is on channel A or B, there will be a signal coming in this channel.
High-pass filter (HPF): This is used to adjust the lower frequency limit of the output signal, such as adjusting the lower crossover point of the speaker. The internal is generally composed of 3 parameters, one is the frequency, used to select the required lower frequency limit, The other is the filter form, there are generally three types, LR, BESSAL, butworth, if you do n’t understand, you can choose LR, the third parameter is the filter slope, generally 6,12,18,24,48dB / There are several types of OCT, I wo n’t say too much. This slope means that the larger the value you choose, the cleaner the score.
Low-pass filter (LPF): It is used to adjust the upper frequency limit of the output signal, such as controlling the upper crossover point of the subwoofer. The internal adjustment content is the same as HPF.
The combination of HPF and LPF is a band-pass filter. For example, an external 3-way speaker with a crossover point of 500/3000 Hz, then the LPF of the bass channel is 500, the HPF of the midrange channel is 500, and the LPF is 3000. The HPF of the treble channel is 3000, the filter type is LR, and the crossover slope is 24, which is generally correct.
In addition, some processors combine the filter form and crossover slope as options.
Output equalization is generally played in the same way as input equalization, except that general output equalization is only parametric equalization, and there is no option for graphic equalization.
The output polarity adjustment is the same as the input part. It is used to switch the polarity of the output signal. Some processors also have phase angle (PHASE) adjustment at the output end. This is a bit deep. I won't say more about it first.
Limiter at the output: There are generally 3 parameters adjustable, namely the start level, start time and recovery time. The adjustment of the startup level is based on the characteristics of the power amplifier and the speaker. Generally, under normal circumstances, the control is controlled so that the power amplifier does not emit red lights. The startup time and recovery time are selected according to the frequency. , Mid-range.
The role of dsp audio processorWith the increasing electric and electronic control of automotive applications, digital signal processing will be everywhere in the car. In automotive signal processing systems, high efficiency and energy saving and high-speed operation play a big role in overall performance. DSP is a dedicated processor, which is specially set up to deal with high-density repetitive data. The traditional processor is far inferior to the running speed of the DSP processor, and it is also inferior in function to many DSP processors that simply cannot surpass the application of high-tech techniques.
Traditionally, GPP adopted Feng. In the Neumann memory structure, programs and data share a memory space, and a common set of buses (an address bus and a data bus) are linked to the processor core. Although typical high-performance GPPs now include two on-chip caches (one data, one instruction) connected directly to the processor core to speed up the access speed at runtime. The wide application of new technologies has brought tuning into a new era, bringing everyone a whole new field of feeling perfect sound quality. It marks the end of the age of distorted old-generation audio processors. The unmatched signal-to-noise ratio and ultra-low distortion are the result of technological innovation. The DSP audio processor can be operated by a computer, and the operation is also very simple.
At present, there are not many audio processors with DSPs on the market, and major brands have launched one or two DSP audio processor products, and there has not been a large-scale product listing. DSP audio processors are still to be developed in the future. Now look at some of the popular audio processors on the market recommended by Xiaobian.
Abstract: Car audio has an inseparable relationship with DSP technology. The data processing capability of DSP digital signal processing technology is not comparable to that of ordinary processors. For beginner audio enthusiasts, how to fully understand and understand the functions of the DSP processor is the most important thing. In recent years, affected by foreign audio modification, domestic car audio modification has gradually become popular. In order to enrich their car life and show their unique personality, more and more car owners are beginning to pay attention to and experience audio upgrades and modifications. With the increasing innovation of technology, various digital audio and video technologies are increasingly used in automobiles. DSP digital signal processing technology provides a high-performance programmable processor for signal processing applications, which is characterized by flexible applicability, low power consumption, high efficiency and low cost. Bring high-quality products to consumers and solve urgent needs.
What is a DSP processor?
DSP (Digital Signal Processing) is a kind of unique microprocessor, which is a device that processes a large amount of information with digital signals. Its working principle is to receive an analog signal and convert it to a digital signal of 0 or 1. Then modify, delete, and strengthen the digital signal, and interpret the digital data back to analog data or the actual environment format in other system chips. Not only is it programmable, but its real-time running speed can reach tens of millions of complex instruction programs per second, far exceeding the general-purpose microprocessor, it is an increasingly important computer chip in the digital electronics world.
The DSP processor can control the digital signal with a fixed program, use the strength of the frequency to create a sound field effect, and create an auditory environment like the feeling in a space such as an opera house. Or it can also modify the style of music to become Jazz, Pop and other music genres. Its powerful data processing capabilities and high operating speed are the two most commendable features.
DSP has several advantages: 1. It is not sensitive to the tolerance of component values, and is little affected by external factors such as temperature and environment; 2. It is easy to realize integration; 3. VLSI can be time-multiplexed and share processors; 4. Convenient adjustment The coefficients of the processor realize adaptive filtering; 5. Can realize the functions that analog processing can not achieve: linear phase, multi-sampling rate processing, cascading, easy storage, etc .; 6. Can be used for very low frequency signals. What are the advantages of digital signals compared to analog signals?
First, let's understand these two terms. What is a digital signal? What is an analog signal? Analog signals refer to information expressed by continuously changing physical quantities. The amplitude, or frequency, or phase of the signal changes continuously with time, such as currently broadcast sound signals, or image signals. Digital signal means that the amplitude value is discrete, and the amplitude value is limited to a limited number of values. Binary code is a digital signal. The binary code is less affected by noise and is easy to be processed by digital circuits, so it has been widely used.
There are two main disadvantages of analog signal communication: (1) Poor confidentiality: Analog signal communication, especially microwave communication and wired open-line communication, can be easily eavesdropped. As long as the analog signal is received, it is easy to get the communication content. (2) Weak anti-interference ability: During the transmission process along the line, the electrical signal will be interfered by various noises from the outside and inside the communication system. It is difficult to separate the noise and the signal after mixing, thereby deteriorating the communication quality. The longer the line, the more noise will accumulate.
While digital signals make up for the shortcomings of analog signals, the advantages of digital signal communication are: 1. The superiority of digital transmission and exchange. The signal form of digital communication is the same as the signal used by the computer, which is binary code, so it is easy to network with the computer, and it is also convenient to use the computer to store, process and exchange digital signals. 2. Strengthen the confidentiality of communications. Digital communication is much easier to encrypt than analog communication. Taking voice signals as an example, the digitally converted signal can be encrypted and decrypted using simple digital logic operations. 3. Improve the anti-interference ability. Because the amplitude of the digital signal is limited to discrete values ​​(usually two amplitudes), although it is also interfered by noise during transmission, when the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates to a certain degree, the decision regeneration is used at an appropriate distance Method, regenerate the same digital signal as the original sender without noise interference, so long-distance high-quality transmission can be achieved.
Differences between power amplifier with DSP processor and ordinary power amplifier
Amplifier with DSP processor refers to the use of DSP chip, which can be adjusted by computer. The parameters of each channel (EQ delay crossover point, etc.) can be better managed by the computer. The DSP power amplifier has the functions of other power amplifiers; it can attenuate the overlapping frequency caused by the environment in the car, add the frequency caused by the environment attenuation, and also allow the distance between each speaker and the human ear in the car to be adjusted; DSP power amplifier can adjust the defects that can not be adjusted physically in the car!
The DSP microprocessor (chip) of the DSP power amplifier generally has the following main features: 1. One multiplication and one addition can be completed in one instruction cycle; 2. The program and data space are separated, and instructions and data can be accessed at the same time; 3. On-chip With fast RAM, usually can be accessed simultaneously in two blocks through an independent data bus; 4. Hardware support with low or no overhead loops and jumps; 5. Fast interrupt handling and hardware I / O support; 6. Multiple hardware address generators operating in a single cycle; 7. Can perform multiple operations in parallel; 8. Support pipeline operations, so that operations such as fetching, decoding, and execution can be overlapped.
Compared with ordinary power amplifiers, it is clearly better than many. Ordinary power amplifier can only be adjusted: gain, high and low pass, can not be connected to the computer. The DSP power amplifier can better manage the power amplifier through the computer. DSP power amplifiers have several advantages that ordinary power amplifiers do not have: 1. Integrate DSP modules into amplifiers, saving wire cost and wire interference, and saving installation space in the car. 2. Amplifier with dsp function is very convenient to do active frequency division, delay processing, EQ tuning, so that the complex environment of the car can be improved, so that the sound of the sound is more resistant to listening and listening!
DSP technology application and host
As the technology matures, manufacturers have been able to improve the performance and usability of digital car audio equipment. By operating in the sideband and intermediate frequency (IF) signals of car entertainment systems, digital signal processors (DSPs) have evolved car radios from the original single audio processor into a complex high-tech information and entertainment center. DSP has an irreplaceable important position in the field of digital signal processing due to its own characteristics. Car radio digital signal processing is a technology that penetrates digital media into car radios.
And this year, the DSP host on the market has become a trend. Automotive DSPs can provide a higher level of functionality on a single chip. The DSP chip in the car audio source is embedded in the host, and the very important crossover network and delay are refined. system. It may be the reason for the cost. It also simplifies the number of EQ bands and has Q value tuning. With these DSP functions, it is not difficult to adjust a competition-level system. In addition, the DSP system provides an extended listening range for car radios, allowing users to accept more radio stations in a wider frequency band, without the need to continuously adjust the radio for better reception. DSP will make traditional analog AM and FM broadcasts clearer, with better sound quality and lower interference.
Future DSP development trends
With the application of DSP in the field of communication and digital audio-visual products will become more and more popular, making the relevant market demand greater and greater, the future DSP market competition will become more intense. Although the current market for the main application products of DSPs is controlled by international semiconductor manufacturers, local manufacturers actively invest in R & D resources and use consumer products as a stepping stone to enter the DSP market, and will certainly gain a place in the DSP market.
Digital signal processing (DSP) technology has, is, and will play an indispensable role in it. The development of DSP devices must take into account the factors of 3P, namely performance (performance), power consumption (power consumpTIon) and price (price). In general, with the rapid development of VLSI technology, modern DSP devices have maintained a continuous improvement in performance and a continuous reduction in power consumption per unit of operation while the price has dropped significantly.
The integration of DSP and microprocessor will be one of the future development trends. Microprocessors are low-cost, and general-purpose processors that mainly perform intelligent directional control tasks can be very
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